Tier1 Law 1.3 Jones Act / Premises Liability / Product Liability / Medical Malpractice – gtg

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Vessels in Navigable Waters

How the Jones Act Applies in Cases of Workers Injured While Employed on Vessels in Navigable Waters

The lawyers at Our Law Office represent seriously injured men and women, such as seamen injured while working on watercraft. Due to the hazardous nature of working on the water, the law takes special care of those injured while doing so. The law allows injured seamen to seek substantial recoveries for their injuries if they suffer those injuries while employed on “vessels in navigable waters.”

What is a Vessel?

Courts have broadly interpreted the word “vessel” as used in the Jones Act and other maritime laws. As a result, a vessel can mean just about any craft capable of navigating on water.

Before modern technology, determining what was a vessel was more straightforward. Today, the lines are blurred. Below is a list of just some of the vessels that are the bases for modern claims based on injuries suffered in navigable waters.

Movable oil platforms
Riverboat casinos moored to the shore
Cruise ships
Ferries
Tug boats
Commercial fishing boats
Tour boats
and many more

What are Navigable Waters?

Courts have also broadly interpreted the phrase “navigable waters.” Navigable waters are defined as “waters that provide a channel for commerce and transportation of people and goods.” Clearly, oceans, gulfs, bays, rivers, harbors, ship channels, and intra-coastal waterways fall under this definition. A court even found a shallow stream navigable by only a canoe to be a navigable waterway. The general rule is that if you can navigate a vessel from a body of water to the ocean, or from one state to another state, even if only in theory, then that body of water is “navigable waters.”

Why Does It Matter?

Only a seaman employed on a vessel in navigable waters can recover compensation under the Jones Act. The issue of whether an injured worker is a seaman is normally the most important issue when seeking recovery under the Jones Act. Importantly, the injured seaman need not be on a vessel at the time of the injury.

Did You Know?

Our Maritime Accident attorneys have won thousands of cases. Call us today to discuss your case.

*According to the Jones Act, “a ‘seaman’ means an individual (except scientific personnel, a sailing school instructor, or a sailing school student) engaged or employed in any capacity on a vessel.” A seaman can be male or female.

The United States Supreme Court has ruled that those employees who spend at least 30% of their working hours aboard vessels in navigable waters are seamen by definition. Those who do not spend at least 30% of their time aboard vessels in navigable waters can still be found to be seamen if they are “exposed to the perils of the sea.”

Our Law Office

The law related to injuries suffered at sea is a complex area. If you were injured while working as a seaman on a vessel in navigable waters, or if your family member was killed while working as a seaman on a vessel in navigable waters, you may have rights to significant compensation under the Jones Act and other laws. The lawyers at Our Law Office will work hard on your behalf to enforce those rights. Please call us if you have any questions or concerns about bringing a legal claim based on your or your family member’s injury.

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Finding a Good Medical Malpractice Attorney – Personal Injury Lawyers

What You Should Look For When Considering a Medical Malpractice Attorney

Did You Know?

Our medical malpractice attorneys have been fighting for medical malpractice victims` rights for over 20 years. Call us to discuss your case.

If you have suffered an injury that occurred from a physician/patient relationship, you have a right to recover for any out-of-pocket expenditures you have incurred. Physicians are held to the highest standards of care because of their high intelligence and the fact that we place our lives in their hands. Furthermore, if you have suffered an injury resulting from something such as misdiagnosis or surgical error, the impact on your health can be absolutely disastrous. The reason these types of injuries can be so life-shattering is that typically they require further medical care.

In the event that you need extensive medical attention, you will begin to rack up costly medical bills. Therefore, it is in your best interests to file a medical malpractice suit against the party that is responsible for this malfeasance. You may be unsure of what the first step is to take in determining what law firm or attorney you should choose to represent your claim. Obviously, your main priority should be the success of your cause of action so that you can alleviate the physical and financial burden that has been unduly placed on you because of the carelessness of a physician or hospital.

Here at Our Law Office, we have a great deal of experience handling medical malpractice lawsuits just like the one that you should be filing in order to gain the maximum recovery possible for your losses. There are a number of ways that you can seek competent legal representation, however, if you have read this far you need not look any further. The attorneys at Our Law Office have received many awards and honors for their excellence and honorable reputation in the legal community statewide. Therefore, we can say without reservation that we are fully equipped and capable of handling your medical malpractice claim to help ensure that you do not suffer for the rest of your life with excessive hospital bills and insufferable physical ailments.

What is a Medical Malpractice Lawsuit?

A medical malpractice lawsuit is a claim that is based on an act of professional negligence by your physician or a health care provider. Basically, these types of claims arise when the treatment that you receive deviates from what is accepted in the medical field and subsequently causes you injury or a fatality occurs. There are statistics that report that about 195,000 people die every year from medical mistakes in the United States. You, as the plaintiff will be the patient that was wronged. However, there are actions that you may take in medical malpractice that permit you to file suit on behalf of another party. This is typically a loved one that you are filing suit on behalf of and it will be in the form of what is called a wrongful death action.

What has to be Proven in a Medical Malpractice Lawsuit?

In this type of lawsuit, you have to prove several different things. This is why you need to find a good medical malpractice attorney, such as those that Our Law Office employs. Medical malpractice lawsuits are highly complex and have difficult burdens of proof that must be met in order for your lawsuit to be successful. Initially, a physician-patient relationship must be established.

This can be accomplished by showing that there was a duty on the part of the doctor. This is not a matter of the credentials and skills of your physician. It means that there must be some kind of contract. Once a physician-patient relationship has been established then the duty will come into existence. The duty will be one of ordinary care. However, if the doctor is a specialist in some particular field of medicine then the duty of care will be that of a particular specialist. Then there will have to have been a breach of that duty that proximately caused your injury, which is your damages. There has to be a causal connection between the breach of duty and your injury.

As you can see, this is a very intricate process. Finding an attorney that can successfully litigate your medical malpractice lawsuit can be challenging. However, you can rest assured that if you contact the attorneys at Our Law Office you will have succeeded in finding trustworthy and hard-working lawyers that are more than able to represent your case with expert precision. To discuss your medical malpractice claim and the particulars of your specific cause of action contact Our Law Office.

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Tier1 Law 1.2 – Personal Injury / Drunk Driver & Dram / Workers’ Comp Nonsubscriber – gtg

 

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Bystander Claims – Personal Injury Lawyers

Am I Allowed to File a Bystander Claim in a Texas Personal Injury Case?

Often when someone is injured, their loved ones suffer as well. It is incredibly painful and emotionally traumatic to watch a family member being hurt or killed. As a result, there are situations where the court will allow you to recover for damages you incurred by simply watching your loved one be injured or killed. In the event that you have suffered similar heartache, you may be able to receive damages under what is known as a bystander claim. Of course, this is a very narrow exception and you will need to speak with our attorneys to effectively determine if this exception applies to your case.

How do I Qualify for a Bystander Claim?

A bystander claim is a claim for damages that a person may bring if their loved one has been killed or traumatically injured. It’s not available in every situation, however. In order to bring a bystander claim, you must first meet three foundational requirements.

Family Members

First, you must have been a close family member of the victim. This means that you could either be the spouse, father, mother, sibling, child, or some other close relation. Even if you are not biologically related to the victim, you may qualify for a bystander claim if you are an adoptive parent of the victim or if you are the legal guardian. If we cannot prove that you are somehow related to the victim, then you do not have standing for a bystander claim.

For example, let’s say you were walking with your friend on a busy street and your friend was hit by a City Bus. You would not have a bystander claim for damages because you are not closely related to the victim. The same would be true if the person hit by the City Bus was your boyfriend or girlfriend. Since you are not actually related to your boyfriend or girlfriend you would not have a valid claim.

Close Proximity of the Witness

Second, you must have been near your loved one at the time of the accident. The logic behind this is that you must have been close enough to the accident to have experienced trauma. If you were actually a mile away, you may have been able to see fire trucks and that there was an accident, but you would not have been close enough to experience the type of emotional trauma deemed sufficient by the court.

There are exceptions to actually seeing the incident, however. There was a case in Texas where a man sued for bystander claims after finding his son after he fell down an elevator shaft at a hospital. The courts found that even though the father did not actually see his son fall, he still qualified for bystander damages because he personally found his son after the accident which resulted in emotional trauma.

Direct Correlation Between the Accident and the Emotional Turmoil

Finally, your emotional damages must have been the direct result of witnessing the traumatic accident. The accident you observed must have been so shocking that you suffered serious emotional trauma following the incident. Injuries may include depression, anxiety, insomnia, or other emotional based symptoms.
The key issue though is that they must have been caused directly by witnessing an accident. For example, if you are suing claiming that you can no longer work because you have developed crippling depression and insomnia, you will not have a successful bystander claim if you were previously treated for these ailments prior to your loved one’s injury.

Anytime you witness a loved one hurt or killed you will likely experience life altering trauma. Our attorneys can help you work through this traumatic time in your life and assist with your bystander lawsuit. We cannot change what happened in the past, but hopefully with our help you will be able to live a happy and healthy future. To schedule a meeting with one of our experienced personal injury attorneys, call Our Law Office.

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Drunk Driver Accident Attorney – Personal Injury Lawyers

Our Attorneys Can Help You and Your Family Following a Serious Injury Accident With a Drunk Driver

Were you aware that you can sue both a drunk driver and the drinking establishment that over-served him if you’ve been injured in a drunk driving accident? When you bring a lawsuit against a drinking establishment, this is called a dram shop case, and this right stems from a section of the Texas Alcoholic Beverage Code.

What is a Dram Shop Case?

A dram shop case is a liquor liability case that allows you to sue bars, restaurants, clubs, and other establishments that serve alcohol under very specific conditions whereby they break rules regarding the service of alcohol set forth by the TABC.

What is the Concept Behind Dram Shop Laws?

Many years ago, the Texas state legislature recognized that drunken driving accidents and other intoxicated injuries are often the result of bars breaking the rules of safe alcohol service set forth by the TABC. Prior to the codification of the Dram Shop Act in 1987, the victims of drunken driving accidents could theoretically sue bars under a general negligence-based theory of liability, but our lawmakers decided this issue needed to be codified into law. The creation of the Dram Shop Act limited the injured party’s ability to sue bars but wasn’t necessarily a bad thing for plaintiffs. While the Dram Shop Act provided bars protection from all but certain types of lawsuits, it also specifically instructed plaintiffs when and how they may go about filing lawsuits.

From state to state, dram shop laws will differ, but in Texas, it’s codified. Much of the Dram Shop Act just took what had already been the practice in the common law and set it in stone, striking a balance between the rights of bars and plaintiffs and limiting the ability of plaintiffs to seek compensation to only those cases when the drinking establishment has broken specific rules.

Who Can Sue a Bar under a Dram Shop Cause of Action?

Anyone who is physically injured by virtue of a bar violating safe alcohol service rules as laid out by the TABC has the right to pursue compensation from the drinking establishment. However, the path to securing remedies for the harm done won’t be the same for all injured parties. Different classifications of plaintiffs will need to take different approaches to reach the same end of obtaining compensation, and they will face different challenges along the way.

What are the Different Types of Plaintiffs who Can File Suit in a Dram Shop Case?

Injured parties in a typical dram shop case fall into one of two categories: third party plaintiffs, or first-party plaintiffs. A third-party plaintiff is someone other than the drunken driver who was injured in a drunk driving accident – a passenger in the intoxicated motorist’s car, the driver of another vehicle, the passenger(s) of another vehicle, pedestrians, motorcyclists, or bicyclists. The dram shop act is not limited to motor vehicle accidents involving intoxicated motorists, but any type of alcohol-induced harm that an intoxicated patron caused. For example, you could pursue a dram shop lawsuit after being attacked and beaten by an intoxicated person who had been over-served in a bar.

On the other hand, a first-party dram shop claim involves the drunken driver, either when the drunken driver sues the bar who over-served him following an injury sustained in a drunk driving accident, or the driver’s family files a wrongful death lawsuit after their loved one drinks past the point of intoxication at a bar and then dies in a drunk driving accident. Since Texas law considers negligent drinking establishments to be a cause of drunken driving accidents, then they can be held partially accountable even for harm done to the drunken driver.

What Makes a Bar Liable?
Although our dram shop laws allow you to sue a bar for contributing to the cause of a drunk driving wreck, you can only succeed with such a suit if the bar has violated very specific rules. So long as alcohol is legal to sell and consume, there must be some balance between a bar’s right to free enterprise and the public’s need to be protected from the dangers of drunken drivers. According to Texas dram shop laws, a bar is not actually liable for serving alcohol until a person becomes noticeably intoxicated, and there is no immediate assumption that a bar is liable just because an intoxicated patron left a bar and caused an accident. Rather, Texas considers the act of selling alcohol negligent only when a bar serves additional alcohol to a person who is already dangerously intoxicated.

What Constitutes a Dangerous Level of Intoxication?

Technically speaking, according to TABC guidelines in order to have a viable dram shop lawsuit, you must be able to show that the recipient of the alcohol was displaying obvious signs of intoxication such that he presented a clear and present danger to himself and others and the bar continued serving him. Now, these obvious signs of intoxication can include changes in the patrons’ physical characteristics, such as bloodshot eyes, an inability to balance while standing or walking, or a loss of control of bodily functions, or they can also include altered behavior. Some people are prone to violence when drunk, while others become more sexually uninhibited. While some people get loud and extremely extroverted when intoxicated, others become uncommonly quiet and withdrawn. Since some drinkers are more able to conceal the outward signs of intoxication than others, the sheer number of drinks ordered by a single patron can also be an indicator of intoxication.

How Can a Bar Recognize Obvious Intoxication?

First, a drinking establishment needs to make sure all of its employees have attended and completed TABC training. Not only is this required to avoid liability for harm caused by drunken patrons, but this training teaches servers how to detect obvious signs of intoxication in their customers. The most important thing is diligence – bartenders and wait-staff must keep a constant watchful eye on their patrons. If you’ve ever spent any time in bars and clubs, then you know that it’s usually not that hard to spot the intoxicated patrons. Usually, you only need to look for them. Although, as we mentioned, some drinkers can hide the signs of intoxication, so servers need a way of detecting when these customers are intoxicated. Just as with observing patrons, this isn’t that difficult either. To order food and drinks, most bars and restaurants now use some sort of computerized system. Thus, every time a patron orders a drink on his tab, a bartender just needs to be observant of how many drinks have been ordered by this person. Once the amount of beverages purchased has surpassed the amount it would take to make the customer intoxicated, then service should be cut off in compliance with TABC mandates on safe service of alcohol.

The fact of the matter is that until drunken driving accidents happen most drinking establishments are more concerned with making profits than protecting themselves against liability. Therefore, if you’ve been injured in a drunk driving accident, the chances are strong that the drinking establishment that served the driver wasn’t taking the necessary precautions to avoid liability.

What is a Plaintiff Required to Prove?

To win a dram shop case, it’s not enough just to know that the bar served an obviously intoxicated patron, but you’re going to have to be able to prove it, along with establishing that this act was a proximate cause of the accident and your injuries.

Eye-witness accounts from bar patrons and surveillance video from the bars can demonstrate that the drunken driver was obviously intoxicated before leaving the bar. Sometimes, our attorneys have even been able to use the driver’s phone records and social network page to track down drinking buddies who can help demonstrate the recipient’s level of noticeable intoxication while he was still drinking in the bar. Moreover, other bar patrons can testify as to whether not the bar habitually serves patrons past the point of intoxication. We’ve even sent private investigators armed with surveillance cameras into bars we are investigating to attempt ordering alcohol when they’ve already had enough to become intoxicated. Interviews with employees can reveal whether or not they’ve been properly trained according to TABC regulations. Sales records and/or debit and credit card receipts can show just how many alcoholic beverages the patron bought before leaving the bar. By questioning the arresting or investigating officer, your attorney can also demonstrate the driver’s intoxication and the role it played in the accident.

What Amount Can You Sue the Bar For?

If you can prove the bar violated the TABC rules for the safe service of alcohol, and this violation caused your injuries, then you can sue the bar for damages. In a personal injury lawsuit, these damages may include compensation for:

Medical bills
Any property that may have been damaged in the wreck
Pain and suffering felt during the accident
Mental anguish experienced during rehabilitation
Lost wages during recovery time
Detrimental effects of lifelong disabilities that result from your injuries
If, conversely, your loved one is killed in a drunk driving accident, then you may be able to pursue both wrongful death damages and survival damages. Wrongful death damages can be sought by the surviving spouse, children, and parents and are intended to compensate these people for the harm done to them by virtue of the death of their loved one. These wrongful death damages may include compensation for:

Loss of monetary support
Loss of parental services for children losing parents
Loss of child’s services for a parent losing a child
Loss of spousal services
Psychological counseling for the surviving family members
Exemplary damages
Loss of companionship and society.
On the contrary, survival damages are intended to provide compensation for the losses of the decedent as a result of the accident and may only be pursued by the personal representative of the estate in the name of the closest living relative. Survival damages may include:

Funeral expenses
Compensation for the mental agony experienced due to the realization of imminent death
Medical bills charged prior to death
Compensation for the physical pain of the accident
Exemplary damages
Of note, when we begin an investigation, we send a spoliation of evidence letter to the defendant informing the bar that it’s being sued and instructing it not to destroy or tamper with evidence in any way. When a drinking establishment ignores a spoliation of evidence letter and tampers with any evidence covered by the letter, then the court will likely enforce Death Penalty Sanctions as punishment, increasing the amount of damages.

Also, damages in a drunk driving accident are split between the drunken driver and the negligent drinking establishment, provided the liability of both can be proven in court. The attorneys on all sides will present arguments as to the respective degree of liability for each party, and the damages owed by the liable parties will reflect this percentage of liability as decided by the court.

You Need Help with a Dram Shop Case

If you’ve been injured by a drunken driver whom you suspect may have been over-served by a bar or restaurant, then you will likely need the assistance of an experienced dram shop lawyer to successfully sue for the damages you deserve. You stand very little chance of finding the evidence you need to prove the drinking establishment’s negligence without the assistance of a professional investigator who has handled investigations like this on numerous occasions and knows what to look for. However, you also need an attorney who understands the wide scope of financial harm that can result from serious injuries and the importance of consulting with a number of different medical experts to accurately estimate the harm caused by your accident.

Finally, you need an experienced lawyer who knows what to expect from dram shop defense attorneys and how to overcome the challenges they will present, as well as, the importance of proving up the value of damages to allow you to hold all liable parties accountable and get maximum compensation.

Our lawyers have spent more than 22 years litigating dram shop cases, so we’ve worked hard to obtain the experience you need to help you get the damages warranted by the injuries you’ve sustained or the loved one you’ve lost. If you’d like to learn more about how we can help with your dram shop case, then call us today for a free consultation.

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bankruptcy law 1.10 – gtg

Are My Recreational Vehicles Exempt In Bankruptcy?

It depends. You can file Bankruptcy and keep your recreational vehicles if you are willing and able to pay the Bankruptcy Trustee the current market value of the vehicle (if you own it free and clear) or for any equity in it. If you cannot afford to pay the Trustee the market value or equity you have in the vehicle then, you will lose your recreational vehicle when you file for Bankruptcy.

Recreational vehicles such as quads, sand-rails, dirt bikes, jet skis, boats, and ATVs are non-necessity items. These types of vehicles are not considered necessary for you in establishing a fresh start. Therefore, they are not protected under the bankruptcy exemption statutes. Consequently, they are subject to being taken in a bankruptcy proceeding if you do not plan for your bankruptcy properly.

In Chapter 7 Bankruptcy, you generally are not allowed to keep a recreational vehicle. In a Chapter 7 case, you must either: (1) surrender the recreational vehicle to the Trustee, or (2) buy the recreational vehicle back from the Trustee. If you surrender the recreational vehicle to the Trustee, the Trustee will sell it and after withholding the administrative expenses of the sale, pay the remaining proceeds to your creditors. One option you can pursue is to purchase back the asset, typically at a reduced price, from the trustee. The Trustee will then take your purchase proceeds, less his administrative expenses, and pay the creditors.

For example, if you had a quad that was worth $2,500, the Trustee could sell the quad at an auction and perhaps get $2,000 for it. After subtracting administrative expenses for his efforts, as well as the cost of the sale, the trustee would be able to pay $1700 to the creditors. Or, you may offer to purchase the quad back from the trustee for $1500 and keep the quad. The trustee would then pay the $1500 less his administrative expenses to your creditors.

A better way to address the issue with your recreational vehicle would be perhaps to sell it before filing bankruptcy and place the cash proceeds into an exempt asset such as the equity in your home or your primary vehicle. In this scenario, you get to keep the cash, but lose the recreational vehicle.

In a chapter 13 case, you could keep your recreational vehicle. However, you would have to pay the Trustee back the value of the asset over the life of the Chapter13 plan. Chapter13 plans last 3 to 5 years. So, for example, if the quad was worth $2,500, you would pay the trustee roughly $45 per month for five years to keep your quad. Again, this assumes you own the quad free and clear.

Under either chapter 7 or chapter 13, if you owe money on the quad, you simply have to keep making the payment to keep it. If you have a substantial amount of equity in the quad, and still owe money on it, you may have to pay the trustee an amount equal to your equity in order to keep the quad, or the trustee may take it and sell it if he believes there is enough equity in it to warrant the sale. In Chapter 7, if you were going to pay the trustee for the equity, you would have to pay it all in one lump sum. Whereas, in Chapter 13, you can pay the value of your equity over time, in monthly payments, over the life of the Chapter 13 plan.

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Can I File For Bankruptcy More Than Once?

Yes, you can file for bankruptcy more than once. However, several situations separately control how soon you can re-file for bankruptcy.

Refiling After Your Previous Case Was Dismissed
The first situation applies if you previously filed a chapter 7 or chapter 13 bankruptcy and your case was dismissed without you receiving a discharge of debts. In this situation, you can refile for Bankruptcy immediately. There is no waiting period. However, you must be aware that if you are refiling within 12 months of your case being dismissed, the automatic stay will only go into effect for 30 days. Therefore, you will need to file for an extension on the automatic stay if you are refiling within 12 months of your case being dismissed.

If you had two or more cases dismissed within the last 12 months, the automatic stay will not go into effect at all. However, you can apply to have the automatic stay instated. Finally, be aware that if your previous chapter 7 case was dismissed because you willfully failed to abide by a court order or failed to properly prosecute the case you can be barred from filing a new case for 180 days after your case was dismissed.

Refiling After You Previously Received a Chapter 7 Discharge
The second situation applies if you previously filed a chapter 7 bankruptcy that was not dismissed and you received a discharge of debts. In this situation, you can file for chapter 7 again eight years from the date you previously filed your chapter seven bankruptcy petition. If you previously filed a chapter 7 bankruptcy and received a discharge of debts, that was not dismissed, and now wish to file under chapter 13, you can do so four years from the date you previously filed your chapter 7 petition.

Refiling After You Previously Received a Chapter 13 Discharge
The third situation applies if you previously filed a chapter 13 bankruptcy that was not dismissed and you received a discharge of debts. In this situation, you can file for chapter 7 bankruptcy six years from the date you filed your previous Chapter 13 petition. You can file for chapter thirteen again two years from the date you filed your previous Chapter 13 petition.

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Bankruptcy Attorney

Our Bankruptcy Attorney can help you when you find yourself in financial trouble. You are not alone! Many of our clients find themselves underwater due to divorce, job loss, catastrophic medical expenses, or credit card bills.

We have one important goal in serving clients: to free them from debt, either through Chapter 7 or Chapter 13 bankruptcy proceedings. We have streamlined the filing process to make it easier and less costly.
Many Bankruptcy Attorney clients are pleasantly surprised at how stress-free the filing can be. We offer every client a free initial consultation by phone, so you can review your financial situation with a skilled bankruptcy lawyer.

At our firm, we do not ask you to fill in a long, exhaustive questionnaire before making an appointment. Instead, our firm will do the paperwork for you. All you have to do is answer the questions and provide needed financial verification such as paycheck stubs, bank statements, and income tax filings.

Bankruptcy Attorneys explain the Difference Between Chapter 7 and Chapter 13?

As a bankruptcy client, we examine the alternative to help you understand your options. A major advantage of Chapter 7 is that it eliminates most of your debt in just 90 days. In order to qualify for Chapter 7, you must earn less than the median income for a household of your size. For example, a household of four can file if the income is less than $82,602 per year.

However, even if your income is too high, you may still be able to file a Chapter 7 if you can pass the means test. We will work with you to determine if you have enough of the standard offsets and deductions to put you in the category of people who still qualify to file a Chapter 7 even though they earn more than the median income.

Bankruptcy Attorney:
Maximum Household Income For Easy Chapter 7 Bankruptcy

One person $51,161 = $4,263/mo.
Two people $63,930 = $5,328/mo.
Three people $72,275 = $6,023/mo.
Four people $84,442 = $6,869/mo.
Five people $89,322 = $7,444/mo.

Chapter 7 Bankruptcy Eliminates Most of Your Unsecured Debts Chapter 7 bankruptcy is the short form. In most cases, Chapter 7 bankruptcy eliminates your debts in 90-120 days. It eliminates most of your unsecured debts -credit cards, old repossessions, medical bills

If you do not qualify for Chapter 7, you may consider Chapter 13, a debt consolidation-debt reduction plan that allows you to radically write down the total amount you owe as part of paying a portion of it back. Chapter 13 also stops foreclosure and obtains an order from the Court requiring mortgage lenders to give mortgage borrowers the opportunity to catch up on monthly mortgage payments over a three to five year period, so they can remain in the family home.

Chapter 13 Bankruptcy is designed to catch up on your mortgage and radically write down other debts.

Chapter 7 Bankruptcy
Our Bankruptcy Attorneys use the short form for Chapter 7 bankruptcy. In most cases, Chapter 7 bankruptcy eliminates your debts in 90-120 days. To prove you are eligible to file a Chapter 7 bankruptcy, we must show that

• You have not completed any kind of bankruptcy filing under eight years ago

• You do not have some very valuable asset like a non-IRA/non-401k stock portfolio, have excessive home equity (401k’s/IRA’s cannot be seized in bankruptcy)

• Your regular net income is less than or barely exceeds your ordinary monthly expenses

• Your total household yearly gross income during the most recent six months was less than the median income for a household of its size. However, the median income test is not set in stone. Even if you are over the median income, you may still be eligible under Chapter 7 if you have certain offsets like high mortgage payments, high car payments, child support payments, or expensive health insurance payments.

In most Chapter 7 bankruptcies, you will be granted a discharge, eliminating the majority of your debts from 90-120 days after we file. Discuss your options with a Bankruptcy Attorney

Chapter 13 Bankruptcy
Chapter 13 bankruptcy gives you time to catch back up on your mortgage while protecting you from your other creditors. Chapter 13 bankruptcy is designed to give you a way to catch back up on mortgages that have fallen behind and to permanently write down the size of your unsecured debt.

Chapter 13 radically reduces your unsecured debts (e.g., credit card debt, medical bills) by obtaining the court’s permission to redirect your available income primarily to catching back up on mortgages that have fallen behind.

You make your payments to the Chapter 13 Trustee, who then pays your individual creditors. Your plan will last from 36 to 60 months. If you have a mortgage and car loans, you will continue to pay for these items in your plan. You also pay a reduced percentage of your unsecured debt in the plan.

Call a Bankruptcy Attorney for a free consultation regarding your legal options.

Thank you for visiting our bankruptcy attorney site, we are here to help you, please call to set an appointment.

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Useful Tips For Avoiding Bankruptcy

The Bankruptcy Abuse and Consumer Protection Act was passed in early 2005 with the intention of reforming American bankruptcy law as we know it. The existing laws, according to Congress and the credit card companies, granted too many debtors who might be capable of repaying at least some of their debts to have them wiped away by the courts. The new law was intended, rightly or wrongly, to eliminate the “bankruptcy of convenience” that allowed many consumers to run up huge debts without repaying them.

Under the new law, filing is much more difficult, time-consuming, and expensive; so much so that it has discouraged many would-be filers from seeking debt relief through the courts.

Given that debt relief through the bankruptcy courts is now so much more difficult, it makes sense that consumers with mounting bills might want to seek alternatives. In order to do that, debtors need to find some other way to manage their increasing debt. Below are a few tips that might help consumers avoid filing for bankruptcy.

Negotiate with your creditors – It is generally a good idea to talk to your creditors as soon as you have a problem. If you are missing payments, call them and explain why. Creditors want to get paid, but they also understand that everyone has financial problems from time to time. They may be able to work out a repayment agreement with you that you can afford. You will receive much more cooperation from your lenders if you are honest and explain your problem than to simply stop paying without explanation.

Seek credit counseling – Credit guidance sessions are mandatory for filing for bankruptcy, but many people with little or no formal financial training could benefit from meeting with a counselor and explaining their financial problems. The agency can offer help with money management and repayment plans. They may even be able to negotiate some better terms with your creditors if you haven’t already done so yourself. Many agencies are nonprofit, so you will generally find their services to be quite inexpensive.

Get a debt consolidation loan – A consolidation loan is one that combines several debts, often at high-interest rates, into one loan at a lower rate. A home equity loan is ideal for this, and thanks to rising real estate prices, many people now have a reasonable amount of equity in their property. As a bonus, the interest on a home equity loan is tax-deductible. Other credit cards with low-interest introductory rates are also good for consolidating debt.

Sell your house – If you do have a lot of equity in your property, it may become necessary to sell your house to pay your bills. This is a drastic step, as you will have to find another place to live, but if the alternative is losing your home to foreclosure, it may be the only sensible choice.

Bankruptcy shouldn’t be taken lightly. Having your debts removed and pay off the debt by the courts will leave a mark on your credit report for up to ten years and will make it more hard and expensive to borrow money or obtain credit in the future. Smart consumers know that avoiding bankruptcy, if at all possible, is a smart financial act.

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I’ve Got Child Support Debt! Can Bankruptcy Help?

Child support payments can become quite a burden when it is put into an already tight budget. And these days, you’d be lucky to find a budget that isn’t tight. You may have to pick and choose which debts to pay and, while it seems that you could push off your child support payments, there is little tolerance from government agencies for not paying it.

If you start to miss payments, an agency can (and will) garnish your wages—but not at the regular rates put forth by wage garnishment laws. If you are head of household, up to one-half of your paycheck can be garnished. If you are not head of household, up to 65% of your paycheck can be garnished. That garnishment makes it near impossible to pay any of your other bills.

Child support debt is not a typical debt—it is considered family support and taken very seriously. In fact, if your child support is the result of a court order, not paying it may be considered a violation of that order. That could possibly result in your arrest for contempt.

Since child support is considered family support like alimony or maintenance payments, it isn’t able to be discharged in Chapter 7. Fortunately, a bankruptcy lawyer can still help you with your child support debt. A Chapter 13 bankruptcy can put a stop to your wage garnishment and help you catch up on your child support payments. While the debt can’t be discharged, back child support payments can be put into a Chapter 13 repayment plan.

Can you imagine how much easier it would be to maintain your budget without the weight of child support debt and wage garnishment? You can finally be back in control of your payments, your budget, and your paycheck. Remember, doing nothing changes nothing. You can change the situation that you are in—but only if you are willing to take action against it.

Child support debt, especially if paired with a garnishment, can render you unable to pay any other bills, sinking you farther and farther into debt. The best move to make next is to start looking at your options. Sure, you can get a free consultation from most attorneys, but the best ones will be able to provide you with great information before you even sit down with them face to face. Read up on bankruptcy FAQs, blogs, and even free publications to help you decide if bankruptcy is the best way out of debt.

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Chapter 7 Bankruptcy 341 Meeting

If you are going to file a Chapter 7 Bankruptcy, you may have heard of something called a 341 meeting. A section 341 meeting can also sometimes be referred to as a meeting of creditors or creditors meeting. Essentially this is a meeting where if you are filing for bankruptcy under this chapter, the creditors that you owe money to or want to discharge through the bankruptcy, can come and ask you questions.

In attendance is usually your bankruptcy attorney, you, and a court-appointed trustee. The trustee essentially is the person who oversees the Chapter 7 Bankruptcy to make sure everything is adhered to according to the bankruptcy law.

Usually, most creditors do not send a representative to the section 341 meeting of creditors. But this does not mean that they cannot show up to ask you questions. Your bankruptcy lawyer will usually have prepared you thoroughly for what to expect at the 341 meeting.

The type of bankruptcy questions a creditor who attends the 341 meeting may ask you could relate to some of the information you may have filed out on the original application you made to the creditor when applying for credit. The bankruptcy questions asked by the creditor could be something to the tune of why there is a discrepancy between the original application and the information on your bankruptcy petition.

One of the concerns a trustee may have at the 341 meeting of creditors is that prior to filing bankruptcy, the debtor may have paid a large sum of money to one creditor and not that much to another. Bankruptcy law does not like favoritism of one creditor over another and the trustee may inquire why this was done or require the favored creditor to return the money to be distributed more fairly. The bankruptcy attorney will usually ask the debtor what sort of payments they have been making in the few months prior to filing bankruptcy.

Many times bankruptcy attorneys have had to deal with nervous clients that fear a 341 meeting of creditors may not go well and there is something that will come up in the bankruptcy law that will throw them off. A bankruptcy lawyer will provide the client with a wealth of bankruptcy information first and plays a critical role in assuring the client the 341 meeting of creditors will proceed without any problems and the client filing for bankruptcy will go smoothly.

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Chapter 7 Bankruptcy Information: Nice And Simple

Chapter 7 bankruptcy is one of the most if not the most drastic financial maneuvering an individual or a corporation can make. Considered as the last resort, this kind of bankruptcy relinquishes the right to assets, properties, and personal belongings to the care of the court for liquidation. These liquidated assets are then used to pay off creditors and outstanding accounts. Though considered to be extreme, it also provides fast and efficient relief to financial woes that are becoming more and more unmanageable. Chapter 7 bankruptcy information is vital to the formulation of the decision to file for it or not.

So what are the primary considerations to bankruptcy? What you can do is to assess for yourself (at first) your financial status. You can write down your debts and credit accounts and total them to see the big picture of just how much you need to pay. Then you list down sources of your income and deduct from its total monthly expenditures just to stay afloat. When none is left as expendable income, Chapter 7 bankruptcy is your best bet to pay off obligations as soon as possible.

If you have fears to lose all your assets, it is best to have an assessment with your lawyer. This way you have a better decision to follow. There is a provision within Chapter 7 that gives you the right to keep a part or all of your properties when you have the means and the ways to do so. It is even possible that under Chapter 7 bankruptcy, you can continue paying for your home and car mortgages. But this entirely depends on the depth of your financial troubles.

Straight bankruptcy or Chapter 7 bankruptcy is a straightforward approach to keep you back on track with your financial life. Some are very hesitant to even entertain the idea of bankruptcy but the truth is that it is a sensible solution to certain financial situations. 1 million Americans filed for bankruptcy in 2018 just to improve their financial standing. And to some extent, that action might have saved them from losing their homes, cars and getting rid of persistent phone calls from their creditors that might be considered harassment.

Chapter 7 bankruptcy information is considered to be a necessary foreknowledge before jumping onto the bankruptcy bandwagon. Needless to say, bankruptcy is not a highly anticipated event in life, but it is a relief at the same time for many people who are in the midst of debts that are practically killing them softly. Enough assessment with qualified Chapter 7 lawyers will ensure that your decision to file under this bankruptcy provision is the best for your current financial crisis.

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How to File Personal Bankruptcy For Free

Filing for Bankruptcy costs money and even if you do the filing all by yourself you will still need to spend money on documents, papers, and other information requirements. If you want to know how to file personal bankruptcy for free then you will just find yourself with no answers. What you can do is to learn the ways to cut costs when you file bankruptcy. To get into that, you must have a basic understanding of bankruptcy. You do not need to become an expert on it but just become familiar with the bankruptcy laws.

Bankruptcy is considered a privilege by many because it has the capacity to eliminate the debt of a person. The two types of bankruptcy you should be learning should be chapter 7 and chapter 13. These two types of bankruptcy are the most commonly filed by people. There are advantages and disadvantages with each type and learning them can help you make preparations in which type you will be able to file.

Chapter 7 is the straight or liquidation type bankruptcy. This bankruptcy works by liquidating the properties of a debtor. The amount of money that will be produced from the liquidation will be distributed to the creditors. Debts that are unpaid by the completion of the liquidation are categorized as forgiven or eliminated and therefore, cannot be claimed by the creditors anymore. The debtor can keep properties that are called exempt properties. These types of properties are exempted from the liquidation; other properties that are not categorized as exempt are put through liquidation.

Chapter 13 is referred to as a reorganization or repayment plan. This type of bankruptcy works to resolve debts by letting the debtor propose a plan to pay the debts he owes from his creditors. The only way he can be eligible for this is to prove that he has an income that exceeds his expense. Currently, most people are encouraged to file this type of bankruptcy because of the new requirement of the new bankruptcy law which is that a person must attend a credit counseling session conducted by credit counseling agencies. These agencies provide the repayment plan for you so indirectly influencing you to file a chapter 13.

If you want to know how to file personal bankruptcy for free or at least at a very minimum cost then I can suggest a few ways in which you can achieve this. The first thing you can do to cut costs in filing your bankruptcy is to do it all by yourself. This is hard work and most likely will take you time to get things done. Also, adding to the problem is the risk that you might make a mistake preparing your papers.

The best thing I can suggest you can do is to hire a petition preparer or a bankruptcy lawyer to prepare your papers. This way, mistakes can be avoided. You just pay their flat fee and then you do the rest of the work. You do not have to spend a lot of money when you file bankruptcy.

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Bankruptcy Exemptions – What Things Can You Claim As An Exemption When Filing?

What are bankruptcy exemptions, and how are they determined? First off, these are only for individuals filing for bankruptcy and not businesses, and they are something that allows you to keep up your standard of living by protecting some of your personal possessions from being taken by the court to pay off your debt.

As I’m sure you are aware, in bankruptcy what often happens is that the court will take away your possessions to liquidate them and pay off your debts. Knowing what the court can take away and what they can’t is very important to determine whether or not you should file for bankruptcy.

If they can take away basically everything you own, then obviously filing is a bad decision. However, if a lot of your things fall under bankruptcy exemptions, then it might be a smart thing to file, and get rid of your debts so that you can start over.

The way it works is, you can sometimes choose between the state and national bankruptcy exemptions, in the case of states who allow national exemptions. Each has its own rules on what can be considered an exemption and what cannot be.

However, oftentimes, you must go with the state exemptions, as certain states (the majority, actually) don’t allow national exemptions to apply to them.

It’s a long story, but for now, that’s the way it is, and I will leave it at that. If you live in a state that allows national bankruptcy exemptions, you have to decide on which rules you want to go with, and can’t just take portions of each that apply to you. You have to choose one or the other.

This is basically how it works. First, when you claim something as a bankruptcy exemption, you have to show the value of it right now, and not when you first obtained it, since this is obviously the amount the court will get for it by selling it.

There are only certain things that can be claimed, of course, otherwise why not just keep everything? Since each state is different, for the purpose of this article I will cover the more prominent of the federal exemptions.

First, the equity of the main residence you live in is exempt for up to a certain amount and you can use this money to live somewhere else once you lose your current place. Pension and retirement plans can also be claimed should you claim them, life insurance that is at least a certain amount, and also unemployment benefits can’t be taken as well if you claim them.

There are quite a few other smaller things, and of course, your lawyer will be able to give you an extensive list, so that you can determine what you will have to lose and what you can keep. Remember, this only applies to chapter 7 bankruptcy, as with chapter 13, the individual follows a court-ordered payment plan, and you aren’t discharged of your obligations, as you are with chapter seven.

Your lawyer will be able to help you with bankruptcy exemptions, so while this is an introduction to the topic, it is no substitute for a competent attorney who can explain to you the ins and outs of this somewhat complicated topic.

Trying to decide whether or not to file for bankruptcy? Determining the bankruptcy exemptions you can claim is a good start.

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What Will Happen in a Bankruptcy Court?

Filing a Chapter 7 bankruptcy is scary, and most people are falsely convinced that it would ruin them financially. But the reality is that bankruptcy can often improve your credit score because a person who declared Chapter 7 in the past is not as high a credit default risk as one who is suffocating under a mountain of debt. Events happen that are out of our control. Job loss, foreclosure, illness – there is a multitude of reasons why you may need the help of a bankruptcy lawyer.

Ultimately, filing for Chapter 7 bankruptcy protection may be the right choice for you. Chapter 7 is known as a “straight liquidation bankruptcy” and is the most common type of consumer bankruptcy. It has generally been the bankruptcy used by those with few or no valuable assets.

To help you understand Chapter 7 bankruptcy, our bankruptcy law firm, is publishing a series of articles. This one will deal with the meeting with the US Trustee in the bankruptcy court, a meeting also known as the 341 hearing.

At the bankruptcy court 341 hearing, the United States Trustee asks the person filing for bankruptcy several questions. You should keep in mind that the Trustee is not a judge and does not rule on your bankruptcy case.

Answer these questions directly, without elaborating unless asked to clarify by the Trustee. Make sure to bring your driver’s license and social security card.

Please note you must bring your social security card and Drivers’ license [it must have the same address that is on your petition] to the hearing.

QUESTIONS THAT ARE USUALLY ASKED:

1. Name, social security number, and address.

2. Did you read the Bankruptcy Information Sheet?

3. Did you sign the petition, schedules, statements, and related documents you filed with the bankruptcy court?

4. Have you read the petition, schedules, statements, and related documents?

5. Are you personally familiar with the information contained in these documents?

6. Is the information in these documents accurate?

7. Do you see any errors or omissions in these documents?

8. Are all of your assets identified on these documents?

9. Have you listed all of your creditors?

10. Did you ever file bankruptcy before?

POTENTIAL PROBLEMS

A. There are several types of loans that are nearly impossible to be discharged. One of them is the student loan. For such loans, one must prove inability to pay, which sounds much simpler than it really is. There would have to be an adversarial proceeding proving much more than what one would normally need to prove in a bankruptcy.

Likewise, parking tickets, child support, alimony, and income taxes are not discharged via a Chapter 7 bankruptcy. Large payments to family, as well as anything related to fraud, may not be erased by declaring bankruptcy.

You should also remember that your loan co-signers won’t be discharged just because you filed a bankruptcy. They may be forced to pay your debt even though your Chapter 7 bankruptcy was approved.

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Are There Options When You’ve Defaulted on Student Loans?

Do you feel lost in your student loan debt? Don’t worry you are not alone. It’s easy to push them to the back burner when you are trying to cover other bills like rent health insurance, car payments, etc.

Student loans can get you into a quick financial hole quickly, even if they don’t seem as important as other bills you are paying. Getting behind on payments toward your defaulted student loans can end with bill collectors harassing you, lawsuits, judgments, and even your wages being garnished or your bank account frozen. The courts can take future tax refunds you may receive in order to get their money.

You may be wondering if you have options if you are in a bind with your defaulted student loans. Some common questions of defaulted student loans are: How do I stop the harassing phone calls from bill collectors, or should I file bankruptcy?

When you miss payments on your student loans, you are given another opportunity to pay off the loan, which is a rare occurrence. This process is called “rehabilitation” and many bill collectors don’t want you to know about it, so they may play dumb.

When you rehabilitate your student loans, you have the option to follow a short-term payment schedule. If you pay the loan in full, it’s taken out of the hands of bill collectors, which also stops the constant calls from the collection agencies. They try to keep this process quiet because every time a collection agency goes through it, they lose the 25% bounty they would’ve received if the full loan amount was collected.

You should call your debt collector and ask to “rehabilitate” your loan, and as long as they cooperate, you may not even need a lawyer. In order to successfully rehabilitate, you need to make 9 full payments over a 10 month period, and if you fail to do so, you could be in trouble. It is difficult to get your student loans discharged by filing bankruptcy. Serious undue hardship must be proven, which means repaying your student loans will cause you and your family to live below the minimal standard of living. You better have stopped breathing to prove undue hardship, it is very difficult to use this to discharge your student loan debt.

Filing for bankruptcy may not be the right decision if most of your debt includes defaulted student loans, so you may not even need a lawyer. On the other hand, if they consist of only part of your larger financial debt, filing for Chapter 7 bankruptcy may help you towards a fresh start. Before you speak with any bankruptcy lawyer, sign any forms to agree to consolidate your debt, or talk to any bill collector, you need to gather information so you can arm yourself with the right questions to ask before you make a decision you later regret.

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Eliminating Credit Card Debt – How to Eliminate Your Credit Card Debt and Avoid Bankruptcy

You lose all your money and your market reputation. Losing money is not that bad because you can earn it again. However, it is impossible to earn a reputation that you have lost. If you are a businessman, your suppliers and customers will not be comfortable investing their finances even if you walk out of bankruptcy. There are various other ways of eliminating credit card debt. Even if you have an urgent requirement of eliminating credit card debt, bankruptcy is not the right way to do it.

Changes in bankruptcy laws for small businessmen and working people

Have you heard about Chapter 11? If you are a businessman operating with limited resources planning to file for bankruptcy, you need to file an application for chapter 11 as well. According to this new chapter, you cannot get all your liabilities exempted by declaring bankruptcy. You still have to pay a minimum sum to the bank. This is not a standard amount and is decided according to the financial situation of the client.

Along with businessmen, working employees also have to file for chapters 7 and 13 along with their applications for bankruptcy. These laws differ according to the state. Hence, you should look at the average income of your state before you decide to file for bankruptcy.

Avoiding bankruptcy

The best way to avoid bankruptcy is to focus on your expenditures. If you are spending ten thousand dollars a month without a job, you are heading for serious trouble. Bring your expenses to half or even less if possible. You need to interpret your financial condition in the right manner. Try to hire a counselor who can study your transactions and help you in eliminating credit card debt.

When the bankruptcy laws had not been modified, a lot of people took undue advantage of this situation and got their liabilities exempted. This resulted in further problems for money granting companies. In the United States, most banks are going through their worst financial phase. They are running after their clients to recover billions of dollars. The increasing rate of bankruptcy does nothing but worsen the situation for eliminating credit card debt.

The United States government took strict notice and brought some big changes in the bankruptcy laws. As a concluding statement, I would say that bankruptcy is never the ideal way for eliminating credit card debt.

Getting out of debt through a debt settlement process is currently very popular but you need to know where to locate the best-performing programs in order to get the best deals. To compare debt settlement companies it would be wise to visit a free debt relief network that will locate the best-performing companies in your area for free.

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What Filing for Bankruptcy Cannot do for You
As a bankruptcy attorney, I have heard all of the misnomers of what filing for bankruptcy can and can’t do for you. There are a lot of misconceptions around and unfortunately, that has stopped people from filing for the protection they need in some cases, and in other cases, it has set their expectations way off.

When you are reading blogs and learning about different types of law it is very important to realize that each and every case is as unique as the person who files it. Keep that in mind while doing your research.

When you file for a Chapter 7 bankruptcy you will still have to pay your child support and alimony debts. If your bankruptcy is filed under the Chapter 13 code, the repayment plan will include full payment of all child support and alimony payments.

Student loans are often called non-dischargeable debts in bankruptcy. In practice that is pretty much accurate, but the laws do read that student loans can be discharged if in fact that there is no possible way that the debt will ever be able to be repaid or if in making the payments on your student loans there will be an undue hardship placed upon you. This is very difficult to prove, as you will not only have to show that currently the payments will cause hardship but at all points in the future this debt will be a hardship on you.

It has been said that the only two certainties in life are death and taxes. Bankruptcy can eliminate some tax burdens, but only if several requirements are met. It is very difficult to get your tax debts eliminated in bankruptcy, but in some cases, certain taxes can be eliminated or paid back at a fraction over the course of time.

Any debt that is not listed on your bankruptcy petition will not be discharged. The logic behind this is simple, when you file your bankruptcy petition with the court your creditors are put on notice and afforded the opportunity to appear at the 341 meeting to ask you questions pertaining to your debt. If they are not put on notice of your pending bankruptcy, they will not have the opportunity to fight your bankruptcy if they so choose to. Other debts that will still be owed upon completion will include most penalties and fines set forth by the government along with any judgment that arises out of a lawsuit that involves intoxicated driving.

By no means is this list meant to be comprehensive. I compiled it as a quick reference to try and clarify some of the most common questions on dischargeable debts during bankruptcy. It would be wise to seek the help of an experienced bankruptcy attorney. They will be able to look at your individual situation and help you determine if filing for bankruptcy is something that might be right for you. Our office offers a free initial consultation and encourages people to call us as soon as they get into financial trouble, it is never too early to seek advice from someone who deals with these types of situations on a daily basis.

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